Jaya Aeromodelling Club

Pattern Flying dengan RC  Helicopter (artikel ini masih dalam pengembangan)

Pattern flying adalah sebuah bentuk penerbangan dimana penerbang membuat gerakan-gerakan aerobatik yang mengikuti bentuk dan urutan yang telah ditentukan.

Dalam membuat bentuk gerakan, semakin presisi penerbang membuat gerakan tersebut, maka nilai yang dihasilkan akan semakin tinggi, didalam pertandingan, penilaian gerakan tersebut dilakukan oleh 5 orang wasit terlatih yang ditempatkan pada posisi sedemikian rupa dan dengan perumusan penghitungan tertentu, sehingga nilai yang dihasilkan akan akurat.

  

Jenis dan Acuan Manuver

Indonesia melalui FASI Aeromodelling sampai dengan tahun 2008 menerapkan 4 kelas, semakin tinggi kelasnya, gerakan-gerakan (set maneuver) akan semakin rumit (complex) dan semakin tinggi tingkat kesulitannya. Set maneuver pattern flying di Indonesia mengacu pada set maneuver FAI dan AMA, yaitu :

• Kelas FAI F3C dengan set manuver Schedule A, yang mengacu pada set maneuver Preliminary Round FAI tahun 2006
• Class III, mengacu set manuver AMA Class III tahun 2000
• Class II, mengacu set manuver AMA Class II tahun 2000
• Class I, mengacu set manuver AMA Class I tahun 2000

Seiring dengan berjalannya waktu, manuver AMA di negeri asalnya (USA) saat ini sudah berubah, yang disebut maneuver Class I AMA sekarang sudah berbeda dengan yang diambil oleh FASI Aeromodelling pada tahun 2000, demikian juga manuver selanjutnya.

  

FAI, AMA dan FASI Aeromodelling

FAI adalah badan dunia yang mengatur olahraga dirgantara, dimana anggotanya adalah badan olahraga dirgantara sebuah negara.  AMA adalah “FASI Aeromodellingnya" USA. Organisasi seperti AMA dan FASI adalah satu-satunya badan di sebuah negara yang diakui oleh FAI sebagai NACs (Natiomal Air Sport Control organization), masing-masing NACs akan menerapkan aturan FAI dinegaranya masing-masing.

Penerapan Pada Pertandingan di Indonesia

Selama ini Kejurnas / Terbuka Aeromodelling dan PON di Indonesia baru menggelar FAI F3C Schedule A dan Class II saja untuk RC Aerobatic Helicopter, hal ini karena keterbatasan waktu yg ada, dimana biasanya di gelar 13 kelas Aeromodelling yang di kompres dalam waktu 3-4 hari. Kalau di USA, Kejurnasnya (US Nats) di gelar per cabang dengan waktu tersendiri, cabang RC Helicopter digelar dengan waktu tersendiri, demikian pula cabang lain seperti RC Aerobatic Aeroplane, Free Flight, Control Line dan lainnya. Pada kejuaraan dunia, maneuver yang dipergunakan adalah Schedule A, B dan C. Pada kejuaraan ini, sesuai dengan peraturan lomba (Sporting Code) FAI, maka Schedule A digelar pada babak penyisihan, Schedule B digelar pada babak final dari tahun 2006 sampai dengan tahun 2007. Sedangkan Schedule C digelar di babak final tahun 2008 dan 2009.

Manuver yang dipergunakan FASI Aeromodelling selalu akan berubah secara berkala menyesuaikan dengan acuannya yaitu FAI dan AMA, juga disesuaikan dengan kondisi di Indonesia. Penentuan maneuver dan pengesahannya dilakukan dengan mekanisme yang berbentuk Rakernas FASI Aeromodelling.

Manuver :

FAI F3C Schedule A

Manuver ini sudah dipergunakan pada Kejurnas, Kwalifikasi PON dan PON.

Urutan Manuver :

1. DIAMOND (UU)
2. INVERTED TRIANGLE (UU)
3. HOVERING M (UU) - (FLY BY)
4. ROLL REVERSAL (DD)
5. DOUBLE ROLLING STALL TURN (UU)
6. COBRA ROLL WITH HALF ROLLS (DD)
7. FLIPPING PULBACK (UU)
8. CUBAN EIGHT (DD)
9. PUSH OVER WITH 360° PIROUTE (UU) - (FLY BY)
10. AUTOROTATION WITH 180° TURN (DU)

Deskripsi Manuver

Semua deskripsi maneuver dengan sengaja menggunakan bahasa aslinya untuk menghindari potensi mis-persepsi dalam penerjemahannya ke bahasa Indonesia.

l. DIAMOND - UPWIND/UPWIND

The model aircraft lifts off from the helipad and hovers at eye level. The model aircraft backs up and climbs to stop and hover 2.5 metres above eye level (AEL) over flag 1(2). A 180d pirouette in either direction is performed centred on flag 1(2). The model aircraft then backs up and climbs another 2.5m to stop and hover over the helipad at a height of 5 metres AEL. A 360d pirouette in either direction is performed. The model aircraft then descends 2.5 metres and travels backward to arrive over flag 2(1) to stop and hover. A l80d pirouette in either direction is performed centred over flag 2(1). The model aircraft then descends backwards to the helipad and stops to hover at eye level. The model aircraft descends and lands on the helipad.

2. INVERTED TRIANGLE — UPWIND/UPWIND

Model aircraft takes off vertically to eye level and hovers for 2 seconds. Model aircraft then ascends backwards at 45d, while simultaneously performing a 180d pirouette in either direction to a spot directly over flag 1(2) and stops. Model then flies horizontally while simultaneously performing a 360d pirouette in either direction to flag 2(1) and stops. Model then descends at 45d while simultaneously performing a 180d pirouette in either direction. Model hovers above helipad and descends vertically to a landing.

3. HOVERING “M” - UPWIND/UPWIND

Model ascends vertically to eye level and stops. Model then flies backward to flag 1(2) and stops. Model then ascends vertically 5 metres while simultaneously performing a 360d pirouette in either direction and stops. Model then performs another 360d pirouette in the same direction while descending at a 45d angle to eye level above the helipad and stops. Model then ascends at a 45d angle while performing a 360d  pirouette in the opposite direction to a point 5 metres above flag 2(1) and stops. Model then descends to eye level while performing a 360d pirouette in the same direction and stops. Model then flies backward to the helipad and stops. Model descends vertically and lands on the helipad.

4. ROLL REVERSAL - DOWNWIND/DOWNWIND

Model aircraft flies straight and level for a minimum of l0m. Model aircraft executes a roll in either direction followed by a recognizable upright straight segment, followed by a roll in the opposite direction while maintaining longitudinal axis in the direction of flight. Second roll must be executed at same roll rate. The upright straight segment must be centred on the centre line. The total duration of the two rolls must be four (4) seconds minimum.

5. DOUBLE ROLLING STALL TURN - UPWIND/UPWIND

Model aircraft flies straight and level for a minimum of 10 m, then transitions to a vertical ascent at 90 followed by a half roll in either direction and followed by a vertical ascent of one fuselage length minimum. At the top, model aircraft executes a 180d pirouette so that the nose points downward. After diving, the model aircraft makes a half inside loop into another stall turn at the same altitude and executes a 180d pirouette so that the nose points downward. The model aircraft then makes a half roll in either direction. The model aircraft then transitions back to same altitude and heading as at beginning of manouvre.

Points will also be subtracted for the following reasons:

1. Rolls were not performed at same altitude

2. Pirouettes were not performed at same altitude.

6. COBRA ROLL WITH HALF ROLLS — DOWNWIND/DOWNWIND

Model aircraft flies straight and level for l0m and enters the manoeuvre by pulling up into a 45 climb. After a 5 metres minimum straight segment the model aircraft performs a half roll in either direction to the inverted position and continues to climb at 45d for 5 metres minimum. At this point the model aircraft performs a ¼ inside loop and enters a 45d dive inverted and after a 5 metres minimum straight segment performs another half roll in either direction. Model aircraft continues for 5 metres minimum and then recovers at starting altitude in level flight for 10m to finish manoeuvre.

Points will also be subtracted for the following reasons:

1. Straight segments before and after half rolls were not recognisable.

7. FLIPPING PULLBACK - UPWIND/UPWIND

Model aircraft flies straight and level for l0m and enters the manoeuvre by pulling up into a vertical ascent after passing the centre line. After the model comes to a stop the model performs a backward ¼ inside loop and flies backwards and performs a travelling, centred pushed flip at constant altitude. This is followed by another backward ¼ inside loop to a vertical nosed down stop. The model then continues by descending on a path that mirrors the entry path. After the descent, model transitions to same heading and altitude as at the start of the manoeuvre. Model continues for 10m to finish manoeuvre.

8. CUBAN EIGHT - DOWNWIND/DOWNWIND

Model aircraft flies straight and level for a minimum of 10m and executes a 5/8 inside loop. When the model aircraft is in 45d descent and inverted it executes a ½ roll in either direction to upright and enters a ¾ inside loop. When the model aircraft is again in 45d descent and inverted it executes a second ½ roll in either direction and finishes the first partial loop in upright attitude.

Points will also be subtracted for the following reasons:

1. Half rolls were not centred nor superimposed.

9. PUSH OVER WITH 360d PIROUETTE - UPWIND/UPWIND

Model aircraft flies straight and level for 10m minimum and then enters a 90d vertical ascent. When model aircraft comes to a stop, model aircraft performs a ¼ pushed flip to upright position and stops. Model aircraft then executes a slow [4 sec minimum] 360 pirouette in either direction and stops. Model aircraft then performs a ¼ pushed flip to vertical (nose down) position followed by vertical descent and ¼ inside loop back to the same altitude and heading as at start of the manoeuvre. Flying straight and level for l0m minimum completes manoeuvre.

Points will also be subtracted for the following reasons:

1. Pirouette was not 360d or 4 seconds duration..

l0. AUTOROTATION WITH 180d TURN - DOWNWIND/UPWIND

Model aircraft flies at a minimum altitude of 20m. Manoeuvre begins when model aircraft crosses an imaginary plane that extends vertically upward from a line drawn from the centre judge out through the helipad. Model aircraft must be in the auto rotation state when it cuts this plane, the engine must be off at this point and the model aircraft must be descending. The 180d turn must start at this point and the turning and descending rate must be constant from this point to a point just before touchdown on the helipad. The flight path of the model aircraft must appear as a semi-circle when viewed from above, starting at the vertical plane and ending at a line drawn from the centre judge through the helipad. The model aircrafts flight path must never be parallel to the ground or judges line.

Mengenai tehnik terbang, setup peralatan dan lainnya, silakan mengikuti bahasan di forum JAC.

FAI F3C Schedule B  dan C

Set maneuver ini belum diterapkan di Indonesia, dibawah ini bisa dilihat bentuk maneuver dari Schedule B dan C,

Schedule B                                                            Schedule C

            

 

Class II Manuver 

Urutan Manuver :

Gerakan-gerakan berikut ditandai dengan arah mulai dan akhir (U=upwind/Melawan angin, D=downwind/Searah angin).

1. Vertical Triangle (UU)
2. Constant Heading Eight
3. Vertical Rectangle (UU)
4. Spike with 90 and 180 Degree Pirouettes
5. Stall Turn (UD)
6. Cobra Vee
7. Loop (UU)
8. Translational Landing (DD

Deskripsi Manuver

1. Vertical Triangle : Model is positioned tail toward the pilot. Pilot stands on the 2m line in front of the judges. Model takes off from the central helipad and rises vertically to eye level, pauses, hovers, either direction, at a constant altitude, heading, and speed, to the edge of the box, pauses, rotates 90 degrees, nose toward the center of the box, climbs 2m in altitude in a straight line diagonally to the central helipad, pauses, descends 2m back to eye level diagonally in a straight line to the opposite side of the box, pauses, rotates 90 degrees in the opposite direction, hovers to the central helipad, pauses, descends vertically to central helipad.

2. Constant Heading Eight : Model takes off from the central helipad and rises vertically to eye level, pauses, begins a forward hovering circle, maintaining a constant altitude, heading, and speed, in either direction. The circle passes over the two (2) comer flags on one side of the box and back to the central helipad, continues and makes another circle in the opposite direction to the central helipad, pauses, descends vertically to the central helipad.

3. Vertical Rectangle : Model takes off from the central helipad and rises to eye level, pauses, hovers, in either direction at a constant altitude, heading, and speed, to the edge of the box, pauses, climbs vertically 2m, pauses, rotates 90 degrees nose toward the center of the box, pauses, climbs 2m, pauses, hovers forward over the central helipad to the opposite side of the box, pauses, descends vertically 2m, pauses, rotates 90 degrees in the opposite direction, pauses, descends 2m, pauses, hovers to the central helipad, pauses, descends vertically to central helipad.

4. Spike with 90 and 180 Degree Pirouettes : Model takes off from the central helipad and rises vertically to eye level, pauses, rotates 90 degrees in either direction, pauses, climbs vertically 2m, pauses, rotates 180 degrees in the opposite direction, pauses, descends vertically 2m, pauses, rotates 90 degree in the original direction, pauses, descends vertically to central helipad.

5. Stall Turn : Model  flies straight and level for 10m then climbs vertically with a smoothly rounded curve of 90 degrees. When the vertical climb stops, the model rotates 180 degrees in yaw so the nose of the model points straight downward. While diving, the model follows the same path as the beginning of the maneuver. The start and finish of the pull up, should be on the midline and vertical line is offset in the direction of flight.

6. Cobra Vee : Model flies straight and level for 10m, climbs at a smoothly rounded curve of 45 degrees, flies straight a minimum of 10 meters, pushes over 90 degrees to descend at a 45 degree angle, flies straight a minimum of 10 meters, recovers in a smoothly rounded curve, same as first part of maneuver, to level flight, flies straight and level for IO meters at original altitude. Maneuver should be centered on the midline.

7. Loop : Model flies straight and level for 10m, performs a loop maintaining the nose in the direction of flight, flies straight and level for 10m at the same altitude as the start of the maneuver. Maneuver should be centered on the midline.

8. Translational Landing : At an altitude of no less than 10m and on a heading parallel to the flight line, the helicopter begins a constant rate translational descent to a landing on the central helipad. If the skids are completely inside the central helipad, a maximum of 10 points can be earned. If the skids are on the circle of the central helipad, a maximum of 9 points can be earned. If the skids are inside the box, a maximum of 8 points can be earned. If the skids are on or outside the box, a maximum of 5 points may be earned.

Class III dan Class I

Set maneuver ini sudah masuk pada maneuver yang diterapkan di Indonesia tapi belum dipergunakan di pertandingan.

Class III

1.Vertical Triangle with 180 Degree Pirouettes 2.Nose In Circle: 3.Vertical Rectangle with 360 Degree Pirouettes: 4.540 Degree Stall Turn: 5.Slow Roll: 6.Immelman S: 7.Stall Turn with 1/2 Roll   8Auto Rotation with 180 Degree Turn:

 

Urutan Manuver

Gerakan-gerakan berikut ditandai dengan arah mulai dan akhir (U=upwind/Melawan angin, D=downwind/Searah angin).

1. Vertical Triangle with 180 Degree Pirouettes
2. Nose In Circle
3. Vertical Rectangle with 360 Degree Pirouettes
4. 540 Degree Stall Turn
5. Slow Roll
6. Immelmann S
7. Stall Turn with 1/2 Roll
8. Autorotation with 180 Degree Turn

Deskripsi Manuver

1. Vertical Triangle with 180 Degree Pirouettes : Model is positioned on central helipad parallel to judges. Model takes off from the central helipad and rises to eye level, pauses, hovers backward to the edge of the box at a constant altitude, heading, and speed, pauses, rotates 180 degrees in either direction, pauses, climbs 5m in altitude in a straight fine backwards at a 45 degree angle to the central helipad, pauses, descends 5m to original altitude in a straight line backwards at a 45 degree angle to the opposite side of the box, pauses, rotates 180 degrees in the opposite direction, pauses, hovers backward to the central helipad, pauses, descends vertically to central helipad

2. Nose In Circle : Model takes off from the central helipad and rises vertically to eye level, pauses, hovers backwards in a straight line, at a constant altitude, heading, and speed to edge of box, pauses, hovers either direction with nose pointing at the central helipad in a 5m radius circle passing over the center of each side of the box, pauses, hovers forward in a straight line to the central helipad, pauses, descends vertically to central helipad.

3. Vertical Rectangle with 360 Degree Pirouettes : Model takes off from the central helipad and rises vertically to eye level, pauses, hovers backwards in a straight line at a constant altitude, heading, and speed, to the edge of the box, pauses, climbs vertically 2m, pauses, rotates 360 degrees in either direction, pauses, climbs vertically 2m, pauses, hovers forward in a straight line over the central helipad to the opposite side of the box, pauses, descends vertically 2m, pauses, rotates 360 degrees in the opposite direction, pauses, descends vertically 2m, pauses, hovers backward in a straight line to the central helipad, pauses, descends vertically to central helipad.

4. 540 Degree Stall Turn : Model flies straight and level for 10m then climbs with a smoothly rounded curve of 90 degrees to a vertical climb. When the vertical climb stops, the model rotates 540 degrees about the yaw axis so that the nose points downward. While diving, the model follows the same path as the beginning of the maneuver. Entry and exit should be at the same altitude. The beginning and end of the pull ups should be on the midline and the vertical line offset in the direction of flight.

5. Slow Roll : Model flies straight and level for a minimum of IOm, rolls through one (1) complete 360 degree revolution maintaining the nose in the direction of flight, flies straight and level for the same duration and at the same altitude as the entry. Maneuver is centered with the model inverted at the midline and the roll portion of the maneuver should have a duration of 3 seconds minimum.

6. Immelmann S : Model flies straight and level, executes a 1/2 loop, flies level 5m minimum, rolls 360 degrees from inverted to inverted, flies level 5m minimum, executes a 1/2 loop back to original altitude and flies straight and level. Maneuver begins and ends with level flight on the midline.

7. Stall Turn with 1/2 Roll : Model flies straight and level for 10m, climbs vertically with a smoothly rounded curve, stops, rotates 180 degrees so the nose is downward, executes 1/2 roll, either direction, and recovers to straight level flight 10m at original altitude. Note: there should be a helicopter length of straight flight between the rotation and the 1/2 roll, and between the 1/2 roll and the recovery. Vertical line should be on the midline.

8. Auto Rotation with 180 Degree Turn : Model flies at a minimum altitude of 20m with a speed that is less than required for stationary flight, the engine must be stopped before the model crosses the midline and begins a 180 degree turn to land on the central helipad. Maneuver begins at the midline. If the skids are inside the central helipad, a maximum of 10 points can be earned. If the skids touch the central helipad, a maximum of 9 points can be earned,. If the skids are outside the central helipad, a maximum of 8 points can be earned. If the skids are on or outside the box, a maximum of 5 points can be earned. If the motor is running after the model crosses the centerline, a score of zero (0) shall be given.

Class I

Urutan Manuver

1. Tail In Vertical Triangle
2. Constant Heading Circle
3. Tail In Vertical Rectangle
4. Spike with 90 Degree Pirouettes
5. Pass in Review

Deskripsi Manuver

1.Tail In Vertical Triangle Model : is positioned tail toward the pilot. Pilot stands on the outer helipad.. Model takes off from the central helipad, rises vertically to eye level, pauses, hovers sideways with a constant altitude, heading, and speed, either direction, to the edge of the box, pauses, rises 2m in altitude in a straight line diagonally to the central helipad, pauses, descends 2m in altitude in a straight line diagonally to the opposite side of the box, pauses, hovers sideways back to the central helipad, pauses, descends vertically and lands on the central helipad.

2.Constant Heading Circle : Model takes off from the central helipad and rises vertically to eye level, pauses, The helicopter completes a circle to the right or left, maintaining constant altitude, heading, and speed. The circle passes over the two (2) comer flags opposite the pilot ending over the central helipad, pauses, descends vertically and lands on the central helipad.

3.Tail In Vertical Rectangle :  Model takes off from the central helipad and rises vertically to eye level, pauses, maintaining a constant altitude, heading, and speed, hovers sideways, either direction, to the edge of the box, pauses, rises vertically 2m, pauses, hovers sideways over the central helipad to the opposite side of the box, pauses, descends vertically 2m, pauses, hovers back to central helipad, pauses, and descends vertically to the central helipad.

4.Spike with 90 Degree Pirouettes : Model takes off from the central helipad and rises vertically to eye level, pauses, maintaining a constant altitude, model rises vertically 2m, pauses, rotates 45 degrees in either directions, pauses, rotates back to original position, pauses, and descends vertically to the central helipad.

5.Pass in Review : Model takes off vertically from the central helipa. and rises to eye level, pauses, hovers sideways, either direction, maintaining a constant altitude, heading, and speed, to the edge of the box, pauses, rotates 45 degrees nose into the box, pauses, hovers in a straight line over the central helipad to the opposite side of the box, pauses, rotates 45 degrees in the opposite direction, pauses, hovers sideways back to the central helipad, pauses, descends vertically to the central helipad.

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